Leptospirosis Outbreak in Dogs: Should you vaccinate?
In parts of North America there have been outbreaks of this relatively rare infectious bacterial disease in dogs called Leptospirosis. The bacteria can cause serious kidney damage in affected dogs. Dr Jones shows you what you need to know about preventing, and treating your dog for this disease. Should you vaccinate for Leptospirosis? Do you need to be worried?
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects dogs and can damage their kidneys. It’s becoming increasingly prevalent in urban areas, with recent outbreaks reported in various locations. The disease is caused by spiral-shaped bacteria known as Spirochetes, which exist in different subtypes.
How It Spreads
The bacteria typically spread through the urine of infected wild animals like raccoons and rats. This can lead to the contamination of stagnant water and soil. Dogs may contract leptospirosis if they come into contact with these contaminated sources, especially if they have an open wound or cut.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Leptospirosis can be serious, presenting symptoms such as fever, swelling, tissue bruising, and it may even impact the eyes and liver. Specific veterinary tests, now available as in-house diagnostic kits, can diagnose the disease.
Treatment and Prevention
Most dogs respond positively to standard antibiotics like doxycycline and amoxicillin. Preventative measures include avoiding stagnant water and controlling rodent populations. Vaccines are available but cover only up to four of the ten known subtypes. Importantly, vaccination doesn’t prevent dogs from becoming carriers and transmitting the bacteria through their urine.
Should You Get the Lepto Vaccine?
Deciding whether to vaccinate your dog against leptospirosis should be based on the exposure risk in your area and your dog’s lifestyle. If your dog is mostly in environments free from standing water or wild animals, the exposure risk is minimal. However, vaccination might be advisable if your dog is often in contact with standing water or has open wounds.
My Personal Opinion
I would approach the lepto vaccine cautiously and consider it only for dogs at high risk of exposure. If your dog exhibits any acute signs of leptospirosis, such as fever or lethargy, it’s crucial to consult a veterinarian promptly for a blood test. While leptospirosis is a concerning disease, immediate vaccination for your dog may not always be the best course of action.